Yes, it works great. That article is very outdated. The official container images all store data and logs at configurable paths, and you can easily mount external volumes to those paths with docker or kubernetes. If these volumes are persistent disks in the cloud then you also get simple snapshotting and replication.

This is a great setup and effectively provides a database compute "shell" that sits on top of persistent block storage so backups and upgrades are simple to run. Add in orchestration like Kubernetes and you can also run replicas easily.