Given the academic world we are in, there are people making heroic efforts to make latex more accessible, and I don't want to discount that work.

However, none of these systems work well, and I think it'd an unsolvable problem due to the fundamental foundation of TeX, which is actually a text rewriting system, so when using packages there never is a nice semantic description of the page. The only thing to do is to rewrite every package in another language, which describes semantically how to latex should be interpreted.

Since you seem knowledgeable about the topic, could I ask --

What would an ideal solution look like? Say I have a complicated equation. How could I present it (in any format) so that a blind person could read it, and understand it as easily as possible?

Currently, the best practical option is do it in latex, but ensure the raw latex file is available as well as a pdf.

My question is more hypothetical than practical: what would an ideal solution look like? I literally have no idea.