Browser plugins might be the eventual solution's first steps, though they're more and more becoming sandboxed websites (which I like. Fewer security issues, easier programming, etc), so you'd have to go with something lower-level, which means it's harder to do cross-platform. But that's likely to be the case regardless, unless a single platform wins or virtualized, standard OS APIs become the norm.
All that said, I'm not sure there is a best solution, nor one which I'd actually be happy with. Much less something which works efficiently on a global scale. But I'm essentially a communication-anarchist: I generally think it would be best if anyone, anywhere could privately, anonymously communicate with anyone else. And I realize just what a can of worms that would be.
edit: Just for clarification, as I sometimes come off this way: this is meant in no way to be an attack on the idea / goal / you. And if I'm missing something, I'd love to know. Discussions like these often lead to solutions though, so I enjoy them and end up saying a lot :) I think some of it comes from having both of my siblings in debate teams, and having judged at a few debate competitions; I tend to come off more certain / forceful than I intend.
The thing is, the dns-backtracking-browser-plugin sounds like a simpler and more doable approach compared to anything else I've heard of. Any more elaborate approach would have to settle who owns a domain and that's not any easy thing for the present system.
It would certainly need to be system/browser specific but otherwise doesn't sound hard. Indeed, I could do it in a couple weeks and a really smart person could do it in a day.
Obviously it's a stop-gap. The distributed peer-to-peer client featured here a couple of weeks ago is a far more robust solution. (see http://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=1985431). That would include a system fairly similar to what you describe.
But yeah, trackerless-torrents are about the epitome of such a system, though I think it'd have to be changed drastically to support a fast query architecture like DNS-like services need.
Something needs to be done, I agree...
Aside from my web plugin proposal, what would you imagine happening?
(not to discount your other points...)