Rather than fines, it is more effective to withdraw operating licenses (temporarily) and ask for corrective actions to be taken before operations resume.
The real losses are to the US cities (in Florida, Texas, California, and Puerto Rico) that lose the tourism trade.
Now if other countries like Jamaica get on board things would change fast - but here is a case of each country acting alone loses, only by acting with others do they win. (and there is reward for cheating: if everyone else enforces this and you say you will but don't you get the tourism trade).
Of course if Carnival's customers start caring that will drive changes.
edit: i see your edit now, which is what i am saying, but i'll leave it.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_largest_pharmaceutical...
Strong words from the judge on a fine that's less than 1% of the company's annual profits and about 0.1% of the company's annual revenue.
These fines need to be a percentage of revenue (with a large floor). Not some random number that's a drop in the bucket for most corporations committing these crimes in the first place. As it stands, these fines are (in many instances) less expensive than correcting the issue that caused the fines in the first place.