I moved to Norway a little over a year ago, and was 41 at the time. It was pretty straightforward for me, as my employer has an office here in Oslo, so it was just an internal transfer, and they took care of all the paperwork. I'm not all that familiar with the Norwegian immigration restrictions, either generally or for Indian nationals, but it definitely happens. We hire immigrants fairly often, although mostly from EU / EEC countries (Norway is not in the EU, but it participates in many of the economic agreements, so things are probably smoother for EU residents / citizens).

I'm definitely slower at learning the language than I was the last time that I moved abroad, 25 years ago. On the other hand, Norwegians are generally pretty fluent in English, and our office defaults to English, as we are perhaps 10-15% non-Norwegian. But on the other hand, I probably would be learning faster if that were not the case...

Regarding employment within the US: if you have an H-1B visa, bear in mind that it's fairly straightforward to change to a different job with one. I've done a transfer for a new hire at a startup once, and know others who have done so a number of times.