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Re:Browser Fingerprinting: A Survey by TheAceOfHearts on Monday May 06, 2019 @11:38AM (#19840373)
Fingerprinting is not an effective deterrent either, as you can just open a different browser. The user could also have multiple devices with internet access.

You could use IP address, although that only works if the user isn't on a public / shared network. It's also easily bypassed by spinning up a VM on a cloud service provider and using an SSH tunnel.

Since you used polls as an example: StrawPoll.me [0] is an online poll site which lets you select different duplication checks based on your requirements. The choices are: IP, browser cookie, none, or require user sign in. They also give you an option to add a CAPTCHA.

[0] https://www.strawpoll.me/

Re:Browser Fingerprinting: A Survey by OrgNet on Monday May 06, 2019 @01:12PM (#19841499)
I can change my semi-static IP address whenever I want by spoofing my router's MAC address (Comcast)