Yes, both countries have a concept of probable cause, but they have different definitions of what constitutes it—of which only a little is what is spelled out in the charter/amendment; most of the effective criteria come from case law.

In other words, just because this kind of profiling wouldn’t constitute probable cause in the US, doesn’t mean that it doesn’t constitute probable cause in Canada. (I’m not sure that it does constitute probable cause in Canada; I just don’t know for sure that it doesn’t.)