Also to tack onto this, when I was at my first job a PhD related the following story to me:

When he was getting his doctorate his advisor was investigating several proteins that might do fun brain things and handed the specific testing of each off to a different doctoral candidate, one of those proteins ended up being super interesting and netting the candidate a good deal of clout and a foot in the door for high funded research - it was not his.

So rent-seeking compensation for innovations will over-compensate the winners, but the losers who sunk just as much time into research will be deprived of any compensation.