Sounds like a Deeply Wise Curiosity Stopper. OK, it's all speculation, but it's still reasonable to expect visible changes, like Dyson spheres.
And the barnacle certainly would detect us. We changed the weather. We use planes all over the place. At the very least, it would detect Iridium Flashes, which are hardly natural. (OK, that would take a scientist sentient barnacle, but humanity does science anyway.)
No. A Dyson sphere would just emit a lot less radiation in the region that we happen to perceive as "visible". This is a special case of "Stealth is (close to) impossible in Space"
http://www.projectrho.com/rocket/spacewardetect.php
http://scienceblogs.com/builtonfacts/2010/03/while_doing_som...
http://scienceblogs.com/builtonfacts/2010/03/stealth_in_spac...
How can you possibly know this? We don't know how big the universe is. Maybe they're on "the other side"?