The place that wealth gets destroyed is at the investment level (in your definition is the economy). At my previous company, they spent billions on plants and they very often sit idle... like 95% idle. That is where the wealth dies.
Google moving the money around from one pool to another doesn't destroy value. Google laying optical fiber down then abandoning it does destroy value.
A lot of folks complain that companies like Google have made so much money that they don't have anywhere to spend so they start to hoard it instead of 'helping the economy'. The reality is that for a company, it is better to wait instead of investing for the sake of investing without considering the returns. It is also worth noting that when a company makes so much money, they often shift a portion of their business into the 'Financial services' segment of the economy.
I find it difficult to sell the idea that banks, etc are not part of the market. For example, without a bank loan at X% interest, some industries wouldn't exist. Without insurance for X product, a lot of companies and technologies wouldn't exist since insurance impacts risk level, etc.
If we're getting pedantic though... money doesn't just move around. It also comes in and out of existence.
To the larger point though, what I meant is money moving in and out of investment pools. If Tesla raises money to build a factory, the money they raised results in operating revenue upstream for parts makers, materials companies, builders, toolers.. If Google raises money to by a company, it just goes from one investment pool to another.
BTW.. in some economists conception of the market, banks and similar (not sure if a PE funds count) are not part of the economy. They're outside of it.