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Re:How Fair Is My D20? (2015) by thaumasiotes on Tuesday February 26, 2019 @07:30PM (#19259813)
> They explain why this makes for a bit fairer dice here.

Well... they explain why the opposite-side numbering convention makes for fairer dice. They don't say anything at all about balanced vertex sums other than "we believe it's important".

Just compare the reasoning:

> If a die is unintentionally oblate (slightly flattened on opposing sides), the flatter regions are more likely to turn up when the die is tossed. If these two opposite numbers were 19 and 20 for example, then the die would on average roll high, since these two numbers would come up too often. Having the two numbers add to 21 avoids any such bias in the average number rolled. For this reason, the opposite-side numbering convention improves fairness.

vs

> Equally important in our opinion is balancing of the vertex sums.

This does not give me confidence that the vertex sums matter.

Re:How Fair Is My D20? (2015) by no_identd on Friday March 01, 2019 @09:35AM (#19280929)
The paper describing these dies might help then:

http://www2.oberlin.edu/math/faculty/bosch/nbd.pdf Bosch, Robert; Fathauer, Robert, Segerman, Henry - Numerically Balanced Dice (2016)

(btw., here's the about page for The Die Lab: https://www.mathartfun.com/thedicelab.com/DiceDesign.html)

More various stuff on fair dice:

On fair but irregular plyhedral dice:

http://statweb.stanford.edu/~cgates/PERSI/papers/fairdice.pd... Diaconis, Persi; Keller, Joseph B. - Fair Dice (1989)

https://mathoverflow.net/questions/46684/fair-but-irregular-...

https://pp.bme.hu/ar/article/download/7607/6570/ - Várkonyi, Péter L. - The Secret of Gambling with Irregular Dice: Estimating the Face Statistics of Polyhedra (2014)

https://web.archive.org/web/20110925191300/http://blog.eqnet...

Note: The link to http://maths.dur.ac.uk:80/~dma0cvj/mathphys/supplements/supp... in the comments there is broken and the archived version doesn't have the images, but the PDF copy survives in the archive. (One can find the other PDFs from that page here, by filtering: https://web.archive.org/web/*/http://www.maths.dur.ac.uk/~dm...)

"Polyisohedral" dices: * http://loki3.com/poly/polyisohedra.html * http://loki3.com/poly/fair-dice.html

http://www.mathpuzzle.com/MAA/37-Fair%20Dice/mathgames_05_16...

https://web.archive.org/web/20050602020925/http://www.geocit...

https://savevsdragon.blogspot.com/2011/11/brief-history-of-p...

https://journals.aps.org/pre/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevE.78.03... How random is dice tossing?