There are indeed a number of decent swipes at the idea, like Linq. But they all suffer from some impedance mismatch. It would be better if the native language underneath was written to support it more natively.

As you and others cite, there's a variety of features that have crept up on the idea over the years, but they're all bodging things on to the side of something they can't really change. I'd love to see the Rust of database querying to SQL's C++. I draw that comparison because I think a lot of the same structural problems are in play preventing it; SQL is just so good that it is actively prevented from being fundamentally improved. It can be incrementally improved, but not fundamentally.