It's not so much that the system has incredible resilience, as it is that the after-shocks of feudalism and colonialism are still incomplete: we still have dozens of countries shacking off the post-colonial conflicts and building basic infrastructure that allows for rapid initial growth in commerce.
We'll find out once the last groups of developing countries start seeing growth drop back to the levels of developed countries. That is likely to be decades still, as many parts of Africa in particular just entered the steep growth over the last decade or so.
Eventually, any kind of growth is limited in a closed system, so it makes sense that it will be the dawn of capitalism, provided we don't escape in space before.
But I'm surprised, almost disapointed, that we need to reach this extreem. I was expecting injustice, greed, health issues and the ponzi scheme aspect of our economic system to be the kicker. It never happened.