Mypy is already quite powerful and understands a lot of the language. With latest versions of the language, what is handled by "transpiling" to JS, can be done "natively", ie. there is no need for an intermediate step to strip out the additional syntax for declaring types as it's now built in.

Mypy and TC and Flow and many other similar projects seem to stem from the academic work on gradual typing from nearly 20 years ago. What we're seeing now is "practical application" of that research, and while different projects have different budgets, it won't be surprising if they all converge in terms of features at some point. I'm not an expert, by any means, but we've already seen this happening many times with languages and software platforms. At least this time the point of convergence is based on comp-sci research and not on the marketing one.

My grievance is mostly that Mypy is much less polished than TS and Flow (you can argue that it's a lack of investment and that's probably true, but it doesn't do me any good as a Python developer). Notably, Mypy's syntax is very much shoehorned in. How do I define a TypeVar for a particular method in a class? If I define a TypeVar (<T>) in the class scope, does every reference to T take on the same type? I can't honestly tell by looking if it's safe to use <T> for each generic method in a class or if the type system will try to unify them to the same type. Also, does Mypy support recursive types yet? Can I meaningfully define a JSON type without hacks (e.g., `Dict[str, Any]`)? Also, can I stub out generated types yet? IIRC, the official position for SQLAlchemy was something like "eh, it's out of scope for the project". Pretty sure there was a lot of problems with defining different kinds of callables (maybe those with args and kwargs?) not to mention a bunch of ergonomic problems because they don't want to extend the parser much (it appears they take the view that it's better to have terrible syntax that is "valid Python" without much modification to the Python parser--to be clear, this isn't referring to angle brackets vs square brackets, but things like using variable declaration syntax in an outer scope to declare a type variable for a generic context).

Python's type annotation syntax is mostly similar to TypeScript.

Each method is independent unless the class is a Generic[T].

You can define a recursive type by quoting the nested reference.

You can define a JSON type with recursive types.

You can create stubs. Some are in typeshed.[1]

Mypy recently added protocols to simplify defining callable types.

Python has always been slow to add new syntax. I think that's a good thing overall.

[1] https://github.com/python/typeshed/

> You can define a recursive type by quoting the nested reference.

No, that’s not sufficient, or at least it wasn’t. The problem wasn’t symbol resolution, but Mypy actually gave you a recursion error. At one time they were intending to fix it by implementing protocols which hadn’t landed last I checked.

> You can create stubs. Some are in typeshed.

You can, but not for magical libraries like SQLAlchemy.

> Python has always been slow to add new syntax. I think that's a good thing overall.

Probably, but it’s hindering their typing story. Typescript solves the problem by building a syntax that compiled to JS, but Python has some syntax support but lots of things are shoehorned in.

I think the biggest win of Go over Python is around the single binary distribution, which I guess you included with deployments. But it truly deserves a mention on its own and it’s a major point over other (most?) languages. It really makes up for a lot of the shortcomings of Go as a language IMO. But I enjoy Go best for building system tools, the single binary doesn’t shine as much once you involve containers at which point the friction between say a Python/Node container and a Go container is pretty much the same

That’s definitely up there. As for containers, I think Go’s static compilation story actually has some important ramifications for containers, namely I don’t need a set of base images for doing development since I can just toss a binary into the container and run it there (running in the container is useful because our local dev setup uses Docker Compose to orchestrate the microservices). If we could do this with Python it would simplify our CI and our development process by a good bit. And of course Go images are about a factor of magnitude smaller than Python images to boot!

Turns out creating a static binary distribution can be done in Python without containers [0].

[0] http://www.pyinstaller.org/

The tiny size of an Alpine + Go container is still nice compared to a typical Node or Python container, though.

Try the Go/scratch combo (2.5MB): https://weberc2.bitbucket.io/posts/golang-docker-scratch-app...