The English ones are probably most easily found since design guidelines are usually written in the local language.
https://design.gov.ru/design-system/#principles
That's certainly a good explanation.
Still, for instance I wasn't able to find anything for either the French or the German authorities in their respective local languages.
For Dutch government services on the other hand there's the Rijkshuisstijl styleguide: https://www.rijkshuisstijl.nl/
(I just didn't find it at first because I searched for something along the lines of "nederlands overheid" rather than the official term "rijksoverheid").
An - admittedly cursory - search for non-Anglophone governments that promote the use of a design system only brought up the Swiss federal government: https://swiss.github.io/styleguide/en/
Both Finnish and Estonian authorities are said to be working on a styleguide but apart from a guide on the Estonian part that mainly focuses on Estonia as a brand there doesn't seem to be anything publicly available yet: https://brand.estonia.ee/design/