If you ignore Thunderbolt, can you always rely on the latest USB-C cables Apple and Google sell working for everything? Or are there still issues?
This affects everyone.
[0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thunderbolt_(interface)#Thunde...
Dating back to the early days of Apple, they have been hyper conformant with the spec (e.g. no drivers needed to connect to conforming devices). They still are.
I answered your question about which cables above.
Why? External USB drives are much more common.
TL;DR: USB drives are really really slow.
625 MB/s is 5Gb/s; the switch from bits to bytes seems to be a way to exaggerate the difference from Thunderbolt speeds quoted in GB/s; at any rate, USB 3.1 Gen 2 (equivalent to USB 3.2 Gen 2×1) 10 GB/s cables and device support isn't hard to find; I don't know that anyone had USB 3.2 hardware (controllers, or cables supporting the new 2×2, 20Gb/s, mode) yet.
Things like charging your phone can be done with USB C.
Things like external hard drive are generally done with Thunderbolt
Things like External GPU's have to be done with a Thunderbolt cable that is less than 1m
All of that said, I am not 100% sure of all of that, because it is all so confusing.