It seems to me that Jim Melton's Understanding the New SQL was pretty good. Anyway, I'm pretty sure I read one of Melton's books when I was learning about databases.
I always thought of the NoSQL movement as encompassing document, KV, and GraphDb's and each can be a major departure from RDBMs thinking. These technologies aren't always "replacements" for RDMB's and often live alongside them, Redis (or memcache) and Solr/Lucene (or elasticsearch) are ones that I have personally used the most.
As you move into other tools like Cassandra or a Graph DB they look shiny but you are making some major (and maybe worthwhile) trade offs. These sorts of decisions probably shouldn't be made based off of knowledge from a book but rather experience and more importantly testing (performance and use).
As a side note, the last project I did ended up using a flat file as a back end because it was fast, simple and easy while meeting the needs for what it had to accomplish. Installing a DB was more work than needed.
Database Design for Mere Mortals: https://www.amazon.com/Database-Design-Mere-Mortals-Hands/dp...
This is the book I recommend to everyone who is shy about DB's - I have owned several copies and given every one away. It breaks down not only functionality but how to create a good design in a sensible and easy to understand way. Worth every penny (and now somewhat cheap)