>"This file contains some example code demonstrating how the SQLite vfs feature can be used to have SQLite operate directly on an embedded media, without using an intermediate file system."

https://www.sqlite.org/src/doc/trunk/src/test_onefile.c

https://www.sqlite.org/vfs.html

IIRC, during one of his talks D. Richard Hipp mentions this actually being done for real.

SQLite does not support BLOBs larger than 2GB, so in that sense it's only as good as FAT32