Lots and lots and lots of organisms died out during each of those changes. That things have survived so long is a matter of probability not inevitability.
I'm not trying to brush off the impact of global warming, I'm just placing it in the context of 1+ billion years of Earth history.
Anything that has survived for a billion years in a form that could still be considered roughly the same organism or a close descendant must have a relatively stable biochemistry and gene pool that is capable of surviving an extreme range of environmental changes - as close as you can get to a holy grail in natural selection.
Obviously its survival would not be inevitable; not even stars can survive their own age.
Possibly some simpler and more robust organism may lurk under arctic ice for a better time.