That one dumbfounded me as well.

Has the author never given a pointer as an argument to a function before? Do they make copies of their strings and structs every time they want to pass it around? I just... I just don't understand how they could think that.

I think I can answer this one because it is one of my gripes of Python. The problem isn't that it doesn't copy, rather it is that the = assignment operator specifically doesn't copy.

If you create a list "list1", set "list2 = list1", and change list1, both of the lists change. When I learned Python, this was a major source of confusion for me. Eventually I learned that in Python, instead of nothing being a pointer as it first appears, it is actually that everything is a pointer. On the other hand, while the same things occur in C++, the assignment operator does a shallow copy and anytime you are doing a pointer copy it is explicit.

I don't remember when in my Python career I learned about names vs. values, but it finally clicked for me that I'm predominately just binding a value to a name with the = assignment. Now everything I read has become very easy to reason about and understand.

Ned Batchelder is a good resource for learning many things about python, and this talk he gave at Pycon some years ago is no exception:

https://nedbatchelder.com/text/names1.html

Wow, there's a name I haven't thought about in a long time. I met him several times in the context of Lotus/Iris. Super nice and obviously wicked smart guy. Always approachable and eager to help, too. I'm not surprised at his current vocation.

What a small world...

> Has the author never given a pointer as an argument to a function before?

Possibly not, many devs now-days have never used a real native language.

Weird though when the author mentions the desire to rewrite Python functions in C.

The whole section about references was very confused. Especially for someone who supposedly knows C.

I suspect the issue is precisely that he's coming from C. In C, pass by value vs pass by reference is extremely explicit. In python, it's "magical", because it depends entirely on the type of the variable that is passed in, which is itself hidden from view of the code due to the dynamically typed nature of the language.

This has been one of my own annoyances with Python as well.

It doesn't depend on the type at all. Objects are never copied when passed (or assigned to names). The only thing that might give you the opposite impression is that some objects are immutable, so you wouldn't be able to notice if a copy were made (without calling `id`).