BART Muni Caltrain all have a lot of delays and breakdowns. Some of them are also not safe to travel in (but this is besides the technical points.)

European countries have an interest in cutting down on the number of cars on the road. The Paris climate accord means that we all have to drastically cut CO2 emissions. Also European cities are suffering from air pollution.

This means that governments invest very heavily in trains and other mass transit. Trying desperately to keep cities livable and functional.

So… you're wondering if japan performs basic maintenance & rolling stock replacement?