Each vote gets the signature reviewed by a person, one at a time. I actually had my ballot put on hold this year because the signature wasn't quite close enough - likely, since I probably just flippantly scribbled something on the package. They quickly mailed out another registration form where I basically re-signed the ballot for additional information.
Ballots can be dropped off into several boxes, that don't even go through the postal service.
Additionally, most counties have phone and email notifications for you to track your vote. That's how I got my notification, 2 days after mailing it in, that my ballot was under review.
I was stopped temporarily last night at the polls after the poll worker scanned my ID and had me sign. She said they're not the same signature, and I'm like, "lmao, yeah, no, no they're not. I gave up on my signature a long time ago."
You could start signing with an "X" and that first X would have legal force. Might confuse or annoy some bureaucrats though.
As for verifying an absent voter, back about 1980 when I voted absentee, I had to have the form notarized.
Saying "rates are low" without any actual metric is never convincing.
The first time I voted, I remember being shocked at the premise that you could tick a box and vote for one party across the board.
It also boosts turnout and saves money, and it's great to sit there and look over your ballot at your leisure.
We used to have voting parties where we'd all sit around and actually talk about the ballot issues and candidates one by one. Nothing's ever felt so much like democracy in action as that.
tl;dr vote-by-mail is great and fraud is virtually non-existent, e.g. Oregon's two decades of vote-by-mail.
Except for the massive campaigns to disenfranchise voters.
Which you didn't bother to mention as a problem. You did mention the boogeyman of voter fraud though, good job.
my state had early voting for weeks so there really isn't a "voting day" issue here. (Georgia). Now I have not looked but how many other states offer early voting?
We need multiple issues fixed in US voting. (just a random list)
1) spreading the number of days to vote across a week or more 2) providing an easy method to confirm a person is eligible to vote and vote on the candidates they want to vote on.
3) providing a means to vote from outside your district for your own district, this is mostly solved by expanding the voting period.
4) providing in clear language what non candidate reforms are being voted on
5) randomizing how candidates appear on a ballot
6) removing one party votes. people need to choose, we don't need drones
7) removing the primary system which exists to stymie third party options