The argument is that memorization is the leading metric to learning. If critical thinking - which is what counters indoctrination - is the leading metric, then things are learned much more deeply than merely remembering information in contextual silos, devoid of interconnectivity that critical thinking allows and builds for.

A physician's "subject area" is "all" areas, and they too will refer to Google or other resources to confirm to themselves - similarly with medical advertising rampant in the US, it's often the patients who put ideas into the doctors' minds. Do they need 12 years of schooling to "know" everything - which will likely be outdated knowledge by the time they learn it? Or should we be training people to become experts at navigating systems of learning and specifics protocols to follow, so they are efficient and fluid?

Specialization is valuable for many reasons, though we don't seem to leverage or engage with that properly, yet.