Right. In C, correctness is by convention, not enforced. C++ allows "userland" enforcement via RAII. There are, however, pieces of compiler magic partially outside the type system (const, &, &&) - you can't specify such behavior within C++. Rust does more of this magic in ownership. If you just want a particular instruction soup, all of them will get you there. It's a question of ergonomics, convenience and the kinds of compiler guarantees that we want.