What always surprised me is how much we're willing to put a few private firms in the dead centre of the cashless economy vision. Even assuming Visa and Mastercard stay in business forever, what's going to prevent them from pulling the plug on legal businesses that are too controversial, or enforcing a "it may be legal in YOUR country, but we won't let you accept payments because it's not in OURS" paradigm?

I'm surprised there's nobody developing a 100% state-run payment processing network which would be a near drop-in replacement for the current credit card networks. Things like bank wires and ACH aren't really set up to provide responses fast enough for retail point-of-sale.