> 2. Geologists don't run experiments with n earths and randomized double-blind trials. Do you think they're not scientists either?

Although they can't travel back in time to do controlled experiments, computer simulations are pretty routine for the study of the deep time of the earth, for example, the neoproterozoic "snowball earth" simulations [1].

[1] https://www.researchgate.net/profile/W_Peltier/publication/1...