For somebody who is seriously privacy-conscience, Android is strictly better.
All claims about privacy appear to stem from using fewer Google apps by default. Those default apps (like Safari and Siri) are inferior to their Google equivalents for most users, and for the people who don't want to give Google information, Android users can choose to use non-Google apps as well (like Firefox and local assistants and maps).
[0] https://digitalcontentnext.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/DC...
You can't block ads across all apps without running your own ad-blocking proxy, jailbreaking, or paying Apple for the privilege of building an ad-blocking app on your phone. You can on Android by just installing an app (one example: https://f-droid.org/en/packages/org.blokada.alarm/).
> and iOS collections an order of magnitude less tracking data[0] than Android.
iOS collects the same data that Android collects. The difference is how much data the default apps collect that go to Google as I stated earlier. The Google apps are strictly better than the equivalent Apple apps for most users (maps, assistant, photos, mail, etc.). For the relatively fewer users who care more about privacy than about their apps doing things for them by knowing about them, Android has more and better options as well (Firefox, local apps, system-wide ad blocking, etc.).
Nope. Google was caught collecting location data even when everything was turned off:
https://qz.com/1131515/google-collects-android-users-locatio...
They also made their settings very misleading: https://www.theverge.com/2018/8/13/17684660/google-turn-off-...
Your first link is about accidental collection that no longer occurs according to the article.