I would suspect that it's because they've evolved to take the stress, since we live on a planet that orbits a reasonably bright sun.
The outdoors on a sunny day is an order of magnitude brighter than even a well lit office or a computer screen.
Your comparison is unfair unless you think the working class have it easy in developing countries.
Our organs generally do not take "breaks", with the primary exception being our brain. Hearts don't take power-naps, skin doesn't... I dunno, stop being skin? Your digestive system may seemingly reverse course at times, but it essentially never stops. Why is it such a common belief that [organ X] obviously needs to take a break and that'll fix things?
You keep using that word. I do not think it means what you think it means. Even with fasting it's not like it (or the bacteria in your gut) stops, it just changes for a bit.
Nutrition "science" is currently most-accurately applied with scare-quotes intact. Much can be learned and life can be improved by available information, but practically nothing is proven concisely. Broadly I agree with you - light fasting appears mostly beneficial from what I've seen - but under no circumstances can you accurately claim it is proven, and even "tangentially beneficial" / "being proven" is overwhelmingly up for debate.
And tbh I'm not sure how molting jives with sexual selection. Maybe? But how in the world do you prove that's relevant in humans?