Outsourcing can be used to mean offshoring: physically moving part of the business to a distant country, but there could still be a physical office, just (for example) in Delhi instead of San Francisco. Alternatively it can mean delegating the work to a different company, often employing cheap engineers in a foreign country.

Meanwhile remote work means having the worker not need to come into the office at all - each employee can theoretically be anywhere in the world, whether that be in the midwest or in Eastern Europe.