> This argument is a red herring. People like new things. People like things that work all the time without modification.

Apple and others have convinced people that they need to upgrade to the latest and greatest device each year. Because if they don't then it negatively impacts Apple's revenue and stock price.

> Almost no one actually wants a phone or computer that lasts twice as long but is bulky and requires maintenance.

That's a false dichotomy, you're assuming that in order for a computer to have a modular or maintenance friendly design, that it has to be big and bulky. Lenovo doesn't seem to have any problems producing laptops with similar dimensions to Apple's that are almost entirely modular.

> The disposable / non disposable distinction doesn’t really make sense. On a long enough time horizon, everything is disposable.

That same logic can be used to invalidate pretty much everything. The distinct makes perfect sense when framed within the usable life of the device. I have a 3rd generation iPod Touch going on a decade old that still works, are you saying I should just throw it away because it's more than a year old?

> you can replace things like screens, storage, memory, keyboards and so on.

Putting aside the fact that Apple doesn't permit most of those upgrades and that they don't actually sell most of those parts.

On which devices specifically can you upgrade storage, memory and keyboards?

On all iOS devices since ever, and on all the MacBooks since 2016 the storage and memory are soldered directly to the motherboard. They are non user serviceable parts.

The keyboards on all Macbooks with butteryfly keys are riveted to the aluminum unibody so a keyboard replacement is literally replacing half the machine.

On the Mac Pro they keyboard and mouse are the only things you can upgrade.