I have noticed a trend of entrepreneurship amongst women I know that have babies and young kids. They are essentially creating jobs for themselves that work around these constraints you mention. They seem fulfilled and happy with this because it works best for the work/life balance. But most of them had a safety net that allowed them to start these endeavours in the first place.

Perhaps one solution is to offer a safety net i.e. grant, incubator, accelerator etc. for women in this position that allows them to create the job that works best for them? I suppose not everyone is cut out for it but this will at least encourage some.