The USA doesn’t really have exit control at its borders. Anything less than a felony warrant isn’t going to get the police to take the effort to intercept you at the gate.

They can confiscate your passport to prevent you from leaving the country, and they have ways of knowing when you try to leave (via the airline, not TSA), but besides the TSA check (which is usually shared with domestic flights), there isn’t any persistent choke point and definitely no border control.