Also, let's not forget that sometimes the reason "there is not a clearly delineated pathway to achievement" could well be because the existence of such a thing would disrupt existing social hierarchies.
It's not exactly Isaac Newton territory.
And why is this their call?
While this is very true, the "movers and shakers" are the ones who set the standard of a research culture. Frankly, that's why the US has a major research advantage over most (probably all) countries that strongly embrace tiger parenting.
I think Tiger Parenting simply increases the floor. Therefore, many children have artificially inflated marks relative to their true intelligence. When these children are put in an environment in which they are unable to rely on outworking others, they falter. They are not uncreative, they're just not intelligent.
In many ways it, combined with my laziness as a kid made things harder. I sailed though tests and did good enough, but always had academic interests outside of school.
I turned out great, but I do wish I had treated school as something other than a ticket punching experience.
Or you know, child happiness and personal fulfilment.
You'd be really surprised.
People follow their dreams even in the bottom 5% -- including as refugees, in times of war, and in all kinds of bad situations, and in all kinds of cultures, not just "the west".
The "starving artist" (who does or does not make it) is not something out of fiction, and neither is the piss poor bootstrapped entrepreneur.
It's absurd to think that no-one who came up with a Tiger Parent philosophy won't be a good researcher or independently creative, but there does seem to be a rapid winnowing of people who were previously overperforming on tests and 'routine intellectual work'.