You'd need a court order to get that data from Google, but not to get the data from a seized phone. That court order might also be challenged by Google.
That applies especially to non-law enforcement actors. Those can't get a court order to force Google to hand over the data.
The irony is that while the Android development team is doing this, the Google business and cloud services teams are increasingly gathering more data from the Android users, and encouraging them to put as much of their data on Google's servers as possible. And Google can give access to that data because it doesn't use end-to-end or homomorphic encryption.