I think it's only postponing the inevitable. If any cryptocoin manages to become "the new dollar" the incentives to micro-optimize the mining will be tremendous. Even assuming that they manage to create an algo (or change it often enough) to make custom ASIC pointless it just means that it's CPU vendors who have the edge. Intel, AMD and friends could sell their first batches of new and improved CPUs for a primer during the first months. And it's even less risky for them than for cryptocurrency ASIC vendors because CPUs don't immediately become useless if they can't be used to mine cryptocurrency. It's just a bonus.

On top of that even if a cryptocurrency manages somehow to completely level the playing field when it comes to mining hardware you still have significant differences when it comes to cost of electricity. Bitmain will stop building ASICs and start building hydroelectric dams instead.

I can't see how you can imagine a future where cryptocurrencies are successful and it's still worthwhile for individuals to mine in their basements. There's always be economies of scale that'll favor the cartels.

Beyond that it might even be possible that PoW algorithms designed to run on general purpose CPUs can end up giving more power to the cartel than an ASIC optimized algorithm because in the latter case the network consensus can decide to hard fork and change the PoW algorithm, hurting immensely the ASIC vendors and their users. That gives leverage. Similarly a new cryptocurrency or minority fork can protect itself from a 51% attack by changing the PoW algorithm, making highly-optimized mining farms unable to attack the coin (Bitcoin Gold should probably have considered that).

Meanwhile if everybody uses general-purpose server farms to mine then they can easily be repurposed to attack any small coin, making sure that the coin they favor remains dominant.

I think you're missing some context on the difference between CPUs and ASICs in terms of PoW algo design and hardware cost&distribution.

Again with monero because it's pertinent to your point, I would encourage you to read up on its design goals, and the discussions around the recent PoW algo change on github or Reddit.

Monero changing its mining algorithm doesn't change how most of the supply was produced and given away nearly for free to the dev team and early users.

The math behind it equates to existing capital wealth being used to generate the supply which is amplified by several magnitude for the first users to show up and run the software. Future production costs increase, and the relative newly produced supply decreases.

Old users rely on the gullibility of new users to exchange real world value for these easy to produce database-tokens.