One way to enforce this is to never do manual releases. There's a package / standard out there called Conventional Changelog, which enforces a certain style for commits (notably, putting the type of code change in the commit), and which allows a script to automatically change the (semantic) version of a package - if there is any commit with a backwards incompatible change, it'll make it a major release.

Of course, this still depends on humans to type the correct commit message. Especially with Node libs, and I can imagine the same is true for go libs, there's no four eyes requirement, little to no review before a version is released.