bash is good, for chaining small utilities together.
python is good, for single-threaded problems which don't hurt performance
go is good, if you don't want to manage memory and need easy concurrency, strong typing/etc
rust is good if you want to prevent having a footgun and low level access.
C++ is good for giving you complete control over hardware.
R is good for data science (although is being supplanted, many say, by python).
Javascript doesn't have to be the "best" if it's not competing at all things, unfortunately, as Jobs famously said: "The future is web applications" and now javascript (which, if we remember is from a spec written by 5 guys in 2 weeks) has to fit all use-cases... it's a tall order for any language.
Funny you should mention it. Excel will now support JS scripting.
I personally find all programming languages limiting in one or another way and I use almost daily C#, Python and JS (sometimes I use other programming languages as well).