Not really. If you are in a democratic but corrupt country.

Make local people aware that you want to offer the service and this service can only be offered if the government lets you lay cable.

Start laying cable and offer your people service. Offer them a good deal and ask them to protect your cables in return. You'll be amazed how good communities are at protecting their assets, provided they realize the benefit of keeping it in shape.

Then bring those people in front of government to vouch for you.

Yeah, digging holes in roads without a permit. Not hard at all.

I assume in most places the cables are put on poles. Have you ever seen poles in some cities? It look like a 200 foot tall bird is using them to build a nest.

Genuine question: can you put fiber on poles ? Since it breaks so easily, I would assume it's buried only.

They routinely put fiber cables on high voltage lines, and apparently also on catenary masts along railway lines around here (germany).

Fibers are somewhat fragile, but not the complete cable. But the splicing necessary for local distribution will be hard to do on a mast top.