Eventually? In principle? Ethanol is a thing, just not one that was able to compete without taxing its competitors' externalities. Not sure how the math works out for jet engines, but I suspect it works out better than batteries.

Ethanol could fuel a jet engine, but kerosene has a higher energy density.

Ethanol production doesn't tend to be carbon neutral either, though maybe it's closer than petroleum pumped out of the ground.

Maybe it's better than petroleum? The hell? It's not only better, EtOH becomes entirely neutral in the limit where it takes over. The carbon released from burning all comes from the plant, which in turn all comes from the air. All other carbon costs are incidental (e.g. it doesn't make sense to immediately convert transportation, farming, and production equipment) or one-off and amortizable (ploughing fields).

For long haul air transport we would have to redesign engines, fuel systems, and airport infrastructure to use ethanol safely. And even then it would make flying less efficient because ethanol contains less energy. Synthetic kerosene or something similar would be an easier transition and give better results.