sqlite wouldn't solve any of those issues because it's dynamically typed and what you're asking for is something which is strictly typed. In that regard you're better off with a data format like YAML.

I would also disagree that Excel does a good job with CSV. Well, maybe opening files but certainly not saving them as it rewrites values in weird ways. Back when I used to have to handle CSVs regularly (which admittedly was a while ago now) I found OpenOffice Calc to be far superior in terms of CSV support. I'd assume the same is true for LibreOffice Calc but honestly I've not done a huge amount with CSV since.