You are the lucky beneficiary of restrictive immigration and employment policies.
The supply of decent programmers is just not enough to cover demand.
2. Even for non-EU citizens, it's way way easier to get a software job (the company can get a visa for you). There is no H1B style cap. If you get an offer, you get the visa & job. True, for the first few years the visa might be tied to the job, but this just means that you need to have a new offer before leaving the previous job.
Much less so than in the US, though. To be honest I think that's more an effect of different cultural values ("novelty" and "bootstrapping" here are not as celebrated as in the US), but there is definitely a difference.
So one company can stagnate a whole sector- basically killing off any innovation for the duration of its existance. No innovation - no coders really needed.
Obviously it's still smart to save and plan for a period of unemployment though.