We don't have a lot of tools for demonstrating that we've improved learning. Testing is one of the earliest indicators. There's nothing wrong with improving test scores; it's generally a good thing. The problem is when we focus on improving test scores to the detriment of learning. Similar to a startup optimizing on metrics to the detriment of actually growing the business.

Building a narrative into the educational process (e.g. by teaching history early and regularly) seems like an effective way to get kids engaged in learning.