For example, a search algorithm with an override that removes all links of sexual nature for certain hardcoded queries (say, "black girls") could be an example of a biased technology.

If I'd have to make a definition, then it would probably be a technology that somehow encodes an assumption that doesn't match reality. In this context, saying that "black girls" is an innocent search term and users searching for it don't expect to get sexual results is such an assumption - it would be polite, politically correct and possibly socially desirable; but it seems likely this is simply not true in the reality we live in.

I had a person on my team preparing a presentation and for whatever (reasonable) reason was looking for a stock image of a rabbit in winter with frozen precipitation around.

Just as our (very straight laced) CIO walked up behind, employee hit image search on "snow bunny". Hilarity ensued...