Redcode Raw is an example, I'm sure there are others. This doesn't mean there's zero in-camera processing, it just means it's not rendered, ergo it's scene-referred or camera-referred. There can be lens and sensor artifacts removed, like dead pixels.

OpenEXR is another such format that's camera agnostic, not totally dissimilar to Adobe DNG vs the (proprietary) Raw format used by a particular make/model of camera.