Objects vs Structs - a struct is just a collection of data, while an object is a collection of data AND behavior (methods).
Callback vs Continuation - I wouldn't expect a continuation to be called more than once, while I callback can.
Pub/Sub vs Observer - with the observer pattern you register for updates directly on the object that is responsible for them, while with pub/sub there is a central component involved and you don't even need to know who originally published it.
So no, for none of the examples you gave you can just replace one term with the other.
Objects vs Structs - a struct is just a collection of data, while an object is a collection of data AND behavior (methods).
Callback vs Continuation - I wouldn't expect a continuation to be called more than once, while I callback can.
Pub/Sub vs Observer - with the observer pattern you register for updates directly on the object that is responsible for them, while with pub/sub there is a central component involved and you don't even need to know who originally published it.
So no, for none of the examples you gave you can just replace one term with the other.