The only reason you think the cash in your portemonai is worth something is that everybody else things the same. As soon as everybody stops believing it, the paper in your wallet can still be used to make fire. Same goes for authorities. Judges, policemen, presidents are what they are because everybody believes it. We have already an informal consensus of who is a policeman and who is not. Most of the time it resolves to whether somebody wears the uniform. Crypto tech promises to make this verifiably. No need for uniforms.
Huh? No. Distributed consensus was formalized in 1978 by Leslie Lamport and the first version of Paxos was introduced in 1989. If you're okay with centralization, Paxos or it's successor, Raft, are much faster and more scalable algorithms than blockchain, and have a wide variety of mature implementations.
This is the crux of the problem. The cryptocurrencies with the highest valuations right now are ones with serious technical and social flaws--people are investing in cryptocurrencies based on hype rather than merit.
Ethereum is the most egregious example: the idea that a JavaScript-like language is what you'd want to write your security-intensive code in is mind-boggling-ly stupid, and after the community showed themselves to be willing to perform a 51% attack on their own blockchain to fix a problem with the DAO, it's not even decentralized any more. So technically you have all the downsides of writing secure software in JavaScript, and socially you have all the problems of centralization AND all the problems of decentralization. The security flaw this thread is about would be a critical vulnerability to any competent security developer, but it's really minor compared to the more fundamental flaws.
But even in competently-developed cryptocurrencies, the problems are still there because people don't understand or value decentralization, which is literally the entire reason Blockchain is worthwhile. The number of people who buy cryptocurrencies and then leave their coins sitting on an exchange is incredible. You're literally donating money to the world's biggest bug bounties when you do that.