The iCloud issue is discussed towards the bottom and references the Chrome ticket to remove support:
https://bugs.chromium.org/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=466638
It sounds like the real problem here is the fact that iCloud keychain doesn't have an access control list so apps can only access items within their same App Group, which means Firefox can't see Safari passwords and, if Firefox switches to iCloud keychain, no other browser can read passwords from Firefox. Though honestly this doesn't sound like a big deal to me (especially since the "Firefox can't see Safari passwords" is already the situation).
The Chrome bug does claim that Mac apps could not use the keychain access groups entitlement without being in the App Store but I can't find any hint of that being true today. I believe Apple relaxed the iCloud restrictions at some point so it's possible that this used to be true and isn't anymore.
Also this is the first I've heard that iCloud keychain sync only syncs keychain items created from App Store applications, and color me quite skeptical on that. Apple previously restricted the iCloud file and Key-Value Store functionality to App Store apps, but for keychain syncing it's just a single flag given to the item when creating it. Also I just checked the documentation for kSecAttrSynchronizable and there's no mention whatsoever of it being restricted to App Store apps.