This was eye-opening, thank you. In my experience living in Urban Europe, the late-night market is much more fragmented between small deep-fry focused, chicken-focused, middle-eastern/grill and pizza establishments. Some global fast-food chains do run 24h locations in the denser areas, and typically some chicken chains reach a regional/municipal level of franchising. However, we don't have anything as ubiquitous as Taco Bell, such that you would find one open at 4 AM in the neighbourhood of a small rural town.