Well, Perl back in the bad old days (4 and earlier) was very similar in terms of limited "minimum standard" facilities, but tons of people used it as a general purpose scripting language and hacked together some really huge systems.

It's definitely easier/safer to write longer programs in other languages, but with proper discipline it's also possible to write really big, robust programs in Bash/shells--people have done this, and some of that code is probably still running today.