You can never actually replace what the reference is bound to in C++, you can only call the assignment operator. The real distinction here is that in languages like Java and python, assignment is fundamentally different from mutation. In C++ there is no distinction, assignment is just a form of mutation.
In other words, pseudocoded:
With that in mind, it's clearer that JS is pass-by-value with object reference values (or pass-by-sharing, though I never hear that in practice) as the caller remains bound to the passed object, but a C++ reference argument is an actual pass-by-reference of the original binding. So's an argument passed to a Pascal/Delphi out or variable parameter, and I'm sure other examples exist as well.So I guess it depends on what you mean by "nowadays" but I'd still consider C++ a modern language within "everything".